Systematic Maps
Systematic maps aim to provide an overview of the available evidence by mapping knowledge gaps, emerging trends, and clusters of available evidence. Systematic maps are especially useful when addressing broad or complex questions, where multiple interventions, populations, or outcomes are involved. By highlighting the distribution and characteristics of available research, systematic maps help researchers and decision-makers understand the breadth and depth of the evidence base, identify areas where sufficient evidence exists for further synthesis, pinpoint gaps requiring further investigation, and aid in decisions around strategic planning and funding.

Process

Systematic maps follow a structured, pre-defined methodology similar to systematic reviews. The key difference is in the end product and in the fact that maps do not require individual study appraisal.

• Formulating a clear question: The process begins with defining a clear question, which can be broader and more exploratory than in a systematic review.
• Comprehensive search strategy: The application of various search methodologies combined with a systematic search across relevant sources is conducted to thoroughly identify the available evidence.
• Eligibility screening: Using pre-defined criteria, studies are screened for inclusion based on their relevance to the research question.
• Data coding: Key information (metadata) is systematically extracted from included studies, focusing on study characteristics rather than specific outcomes or results. This coded information helps categorize and map the evidence base.
• Mapping and data visualization: The coded data is presented in a map or visual format, illustrating the distribution and characteristics of the evidence base. This can involve various methods, ranging from simple spreadsheets to more sophisticated visualization tools.