This directory provides detailed contact and other information about each of the NOAA Libraries. Click on the link in the map above to link to a library's home page --- or scroll through the more detailed information by state, below. The NOAA Central Library in Silver Spring serves any NOAA staff without a local library; contact us at Library.Reference@noaa.gov for more information.
La Jolla
Library: La Jolla Laboratory Library Address: NMFS/SW Fisheries Science Center 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive La Jolla, CA 92037 Telephone: 858-546-7038 Fax: 858-546-7003 Email: Debra.Losey@noaa.gov Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Debra A. Losey OCLC symbol: OAI Library home page: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/SWFSC_Libraries/ Lab home page: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/
About the library: The collection includes journals, books, microfiche, and newspapers on fish and fisheries. The library specializes in fish biology, fisheries, primarily tuna and Pacific fisheries, marine mammals, marine biology and ecology, Antarctica, tuna-dolphin interactions, oceanography, and fishery management. The library provides reference service and interlibrary loans.
Santa Cruz
Library: SWFSC Santa Cruz Library Address: National Marine Fisheries Service SWFSC Fisheries Ecology Division 110 McAllister Way Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Telephone: 831-420-3962 Email: Kit.Johnston@noaa.gov Hours: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Kit Johnston, Librarian OCLC symbol: OAT Library home page: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/SWFSC_Libraries/ Lab home page: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/FED/
About the library: The collection focuses on the groundfish and salmonids of California's offshore and inland waters, covering fisheries, ecology, biology and habitat.
Boulder
Library:Department of Commerce Boulder Laboratories Library Address:325 Broadway MC5 Boulder, CO 80305 Telephone:303-497-3271 Fax: 303-497-3890 Email:BoulderLabs.Ref@noaa.gov BoulderLabs.ILL@noaa.gov Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday with after hours access for DoC employees Personnel: Joan Segal, Director, and staff OCLC symbol:CON Odyssey IP:206.107.42.84 Lab home page: http://library.bldrdoc.gov/index.html
About the library: The library supports research of the NOAA, NIST and NTIA Boulder Labs. The collection includes the following subject areas: atmospheric sciences, chemistry, physics, materials science, telecommunications, computer science, plasma and space physics, and mathematics. The technical report collection contains complete holdings for reports generated at the Boulder Laboratories since 1954.
Milford Library:Dr. James E. Hanks Memorial Research Library & Conference Room Address:NMFS/NE Fisheries Science Center 212 Rogers Avenue Milford, CT 06460 Telephone:203-882-6543 Fax: 203-882-6517 Email:Steven.Pitchford@noaa.gov Sylvia.Feeney@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Steve Pitchford and Sylvia Feeney OCLC symbol:OAW Lab home page:http://mi.nefsc.noaa.gov/
About the library: The library collection is specialized in aquaculture and environmental toxicology. The collection includes 10,000 volumes and 100 journal titles.
Miami Library:NOAA Miami Regional Library @ AOML (A Branch of the NOAA Central Library) Address:Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Telephone:305-361-4428 (general services and reference) Fax:305-361-4448 Email: Gloria.Aversano@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. -5;00 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Gloria Aversano OCLC symbol:OAO Lab home page:http://www.aoml.noaa.gov
About the library: The library supports coastal and open ocean programs, tropical and hurricane meteorology, air-sea interaction, ocean physics, chemistry, acoustics, atmospheric chemistry, and marine geology. Special collections include: NOAA Laboratories Technical Report Series for atmospheric sciences, the Harris B. Stewart Collected Papers, foreign and Caribbean meteorological reports, handwritten local weather records, WHOI technical reports and dissertations, film loops of weather, and historical weather data of Key West and Miami.
Library:NOAA Miami Regional Library @ National Hurricane Center Address:11691 SW 17th Street Miami, FL 33165-2149 Telephone:305-229-4406 Fax: 305-553-9879 Email:nhclibrary@noaa.gov Hours:9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday or by appointment Personnel:Gloria Aversano, Librarian OCLC symbol:OAL Lab home page:http://www.nhc.noaa.gov
About the library: The library specializes in hurricanes and tropical meteorology. The collection includes books and journals on hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, hurricane damage, economic impact, disaster awareness, mitigation, handwritten weather records, anecdotal hurricane experiences, videos, slides, information on coastal storm-related building and construction, wind studies, and newspaper articles of hurricane damage. NHC is a non-lending library.
Library:NMFS/SE Fisheries Science Center Library Address:75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami, FL 33149-1099 Telephone:305-361-4229 Fax:305-361-4499 Email:Maria.Bello@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Maria Bello OCLC symbol:OAJ Ariel no.:199.242.232.10 Lab home page:http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov
About the library: The collection includes books, journals, and reprints on marine fisheries, marine biology, endangered species, fisheries stock assessments, ecology, and cooperative gamefish and billfish tagging programs.
Panama City Library:NMFS Panama City Laboratory Library Address:3500 Delwood Beach Road Panama City, FL 32408 Telephone:850-234-6541 ext 227 Fax:850-235-3559 Email:Emily.Harrell@noaa.gov Hours:7:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Emily Harrell OCLC symbol:FD6 Lab home page:http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/labs/panamacity.htm
About the library: The collection includes books, serials, reprints, a slide collection, and vertical files on fisheries. The library produces serials holdings list and a staff publications list, available online.
Savannah Library:Skidaway Institute of Oceanography Library Address:10 Ocean Science Circle Savannah, GA 31411-1011 Telephone:912-598-2474 Email:dee.king@skio.usg.edu Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Dee King OCLC symbol:GUA Lab home page:http://www.skio.peachnet.edu
About the library: The library, a branch library of the University of Georgia Libraries, is the largest in the state devoted almost exclusively to marine science. The library is an associate library in the NOAA network, and it serves the scientists who manage the Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (http://www.graysreef.nos.noaa.gov) . The collection includes books and periodicals on marine geology, geochemistry, biology, ecology, chemistry, and physical oceanography.
Honolulu Library:Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Library Address:NOAA IRC NMFS/PIFSC/SOD/LIBRARY 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176 Honolulu, HI 96818 Telephone:808-725-5307 Email: Allyson.ota@noaa.gov Hours: Library is open 6 a.m. - 6 p.m., Monday-Friday Librarian is available from 9 a.m. - 5:30 p.m., Monday, Wednesday & Friday; 7:30 a.m. - 4 p.m. Tuesday & Thursday Personnel: Allyson Ota OCLC symbol:OAF Lab home page:http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/
About the library:The collection includes books, journals, maps, and reprints, and approximately 800 translations related to the following topics of the Pacific region: marine fisheries, marine ecology, oceanography, marine mammals, marine turtles, and ichthyology.
College Park Library: Betty Petersen Memorial Library Address: Room 1650, E / OC4 5830 University Research Court College Park, MD 20740 Telephone: 301-683-1307 Fax: 301-683-1308 Email: jan.thomas@noaa.gov Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Monday - Friday Personnel: Jan Thomas OCLC symbol: OLS Lab home page: http://www.ncep.noaa.gov and http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/
About the library: The library contains a specialized meteorological and oceanographic collection of about 7,000 volumes. A small number of those volumes cover physics, mathematics, historical weather information, and computer support. In addition, the library has atlases, a collection of WMO publications, NOAA/NESDIS technical notes and technical reports, NWS/NCEP technical notes and reports, and weather or ocean related publications from other government organizations, from other countries, and from universities.
Oxford Library: Oxford Marine Library Address: Cooperative Oxford Laboratory NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR 904 South Morris Street Oxford, MD 21654-1323 Telephone: 443-258-6080 Fax: 410-226-5925 Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Shawn McLaughlin, Karen Hayman Ariel no.: 140.90.118.205 Lab home page: https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/about/centers/col
About the library: The Cooperative Oxford Laboratory Library is a part of the National Ocean Service's Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research Charleston Laboratory. It is a highly specialized library established to assist laboratory biologists in their research on diseases of marine fish and shellfish. The library is in a facility shared by the National Ocean Service and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Much of the library collection is made up of current subscriptions to approximately 45 scientific journals in the fields of pathobiology, fisheries, habitat, nature conservation, and ecology. The library maintains a collection of reprints, newsletters, technical and information bulletins, maps, photographs, newspaper clippings and a dissertation and thesis collection.. The serial and monographic collections total over 13,500 volumes, and there are over 25,000 reprints in the reprint collection.
Silver Spring Library: NOAA Central Library Address: 1315 East-West Highway 2nd Floor, SSMC3 Silver Spring, MD 20910 Telephone: 301-713-2600 ext. 157 (reference and information desk) Email: Library.Reference@noaa.gov Interlibrary.Loan@noaa.gov Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Deirdre Clarkin, Library Director, and staff OCLC symbol: OLA Ariel no.: 140.99.133.17
About the library: The collection contains books, historical and current journals, hard-copy technical reports, reports on microfiche and microfilm, and audio cassettes. The library also provides access to digital media in both tangible (CDs, DVDs, etc.) and intangible formats (Internet accessible). Because it is a central library for NOAA, a multi-faceted agency, the collection is also multi-faceted and contains works on meteorology, climatology, oceanography, marine chemistry, marine biology, marine fisheries, remote sensing, and ecology. The public may use the library and make copies, but may not remove the material from the library except on interlibrary loan basis. The library has been a selective government depository for GPO publications since September 1993.
Woods Hole Library:Woods Hole Laboratory Library Address: NMFS/NE Fisheries Science Center 166 Water Street Woods Hole, MA 02543-1097 Telephone:508-495-2260 Email: Jacqueline.Riley@noaa.gov; NEFSC.Information@noaa.gov Hours:6:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Jackie Riley OCLC symbol:OAP Lab home page:http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/nefsc/woodshole/
About the library: The Library was established in 1871 and specializes in marine and fish biology, oceanography, population dynamics and protected species. Holdings include the US Fish Commission, DFO, CAFSAC, ICES and NAFO reports.
Ann Arbor Library:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) Library Address:4840 S. State Rd. Ann Arbor MI 48108-9719 Telephone:734-741-2210 Email:Margaret.Lansing@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Margaret Lansing OCLC symbol:OAZ Lab home page:http://www.glerl.noaa.gov
About the library: The collection supports the laboratory's broad ecosystem approach to research activities for both the Great Lakes and marine coastal environments. The current collection emphasizes freshwater studies, particularly in the Great Lakes. Formats include print, film, fiche, audio cassette, and CD-ROM. Current holdings include periodicals, books, technical reports, technical memoranda and dissertations. The public may access the collection for research purposes and may make copies, but materials are loaned through interlibrary loan.
Pascagoula Library:Pascagoula Laboratory Library Address:NMFS/SE Fisheries Science Center P.O. Drawer 1207 3209 Frederic Street Pascagoula, MS 39568-1207 Telephone:228-549-1617 Fax:228-769-9200 Email:Lagena.Fantroy@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:LaGena Fantroy OCLC symbol:OAM Ariel no.:155.206.127.31 Lab home page:http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pascagoula.htm
About the library: The library holds a specialized collection on National Seafood Safety, marine mammals, ichthyoplankton, fisheries, fishery gear (including TEDS and by-catch devices), as well as general marine biology and marine resources. The library is open to the public for reference only. The collection is non-circulating.
Highlands (Sandy Hook) Library:Lionel A. Walford Library Address: NMFS/NE Fisheries Science Center James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory at Sandy Hook 74 Magruder Road Highlands, NJ 07732 Telephone:732-872-3035 Fax:732-872-3088 Email:Jacqueline.Riley@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Jackie Riley, Sally Weiner OCLC symbol:NNN Lab home page:http://sh.nefsc.noaa.gov/
About the library: The library was established in 1961 with the founding of the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory. Lionel Walford organized the Sandy Hook Laboratory as a center of game and sportfishing research and formed it into one of the world's foremost marine environmental research centers. The original library collection was comprised of Dr. Walford's own donated books and personal papers. In 1985, the entire holdings of the library were destroyed by fire. About 90% of the current collection was received through donations from other libraries and the scientific community at large. The library specializes in marine sciences, oceanography, ichthyology, marine environmental matters and pollution, and marine ecology. The collection contains books, serial titles, government documents, and reprints. The Chart Room contains nautical, bathymetric, and topographic charts, maps, and atlases; tide and current tables; and climatological data of the U.S. from 1914. The library houses a collection of pamphlets and ready-reference material on approximately 300 subjects such as seafood products, ocean dumping, climate and fisheries, beach erosion, artificial reefs, shipwrecks, etc. The library also holds a collection of older materials, including some of the major expeditions: Galathea Reports, Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition, Dana Reports, Papers of the Danish Biological Station, Reports of the "Michael Sars" Expeditions, Revue der hydrobiologie und hydrographie, Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory, Meddelelser om Gronland, Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, and Serial Atlases of the Marine Environment.
Princeton Library: NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Library Address: Princeton University Forrestal Campus 201 Forrestal Road Princeton, NJ 08540-6649 Telephone: 609-452-6550 609-452-5334 Fax: 609-987-5063 Email: Gail.Haller@noaa.gov Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Gail Haller OCLC symbol: OAY Lab home page: http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov
About the library: The collection includes works on oceanography, ocean-atmosphere interaction, computer science, applied mathematics, hydrology, physics, geophysics, fluid dynamics, meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, paleoclimatology, cloud physics, monsoon and mesoscale meteorology, hurricane dynamics, climatology, climate change, numerical weather prediction, geochemistry, marine biology, and applied mechanics.
Asheville Library: National Centers for Environmental Information Library Address: Federal Building 151 Patton Avenue Asheville, NC 28801-5001 Telephone: 828-271-4677 Fax: 828-271-4009 Email: Mara.Sprain@noaa.gov Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Mara Sprain OCLC symbol: OAQ Center home page: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/
About the library: The library contains books, journals, articles, CD-ROMs, maps, atlases, NCEI corporate historical materials, NCEI's publications, models, microforms, and videos related to climate data. For climate data, please contact NCEI Customer Services, 828-271-4800, or visit the NCEI web page.
Norman Library: National Weather Center Library Address: 120 David L. Boren Blvd., Suite 4300 Norman, OK 73072-7303 Telephone: 405-325-1072 Fax: 405-325-1130 Email: nwclibrary@ou.edu (general library email) Christine.Reed@ou.edu (Christine Reed's email) Hours: Monday through Thursday: 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Friday: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Saturday & Sunday: Closed. (Open Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. during school breaks) Personnel: Christine Reed OCLC symbol: OKNWC Lab home page: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov
About the library: The National Weather Center Library serves NOAA researchers and staff located in the National Weather Center, including the National Severe Storms Laboratory, Weather Forecast Office, Radar Operations Center, Storm Prediction Center and Warning Decision Training Branch. The Library also serves faculty, researchers, students and staff in the College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences at the University of Oklahoma, and its partners including the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, Center for Spatial Analysis and Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies. The collection includes books, monographs, journals, online resources, climatological data, technical memoranda, slides, videos and microforms.
Narragansett Library: Narragansett Laboratory Reading Room Address: NMFS/NE Fisheries Science Center Narragansett Laboratory 28 Tarzwell Drive Narragansett, RI 02882-1199 Telephone: 732-872-3035 Fax: 732-872-3088 Email: Claire.Steimle@noaa.gov Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel: Claire L. Steimle Lab home page: http://na.nefsc.noaa.gov/
About the library: The collection contains journals and reprints on marine science, oceanography, and fisheries biology. The on-site holdings include the National Archive of NOAA's Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) Program, including case studies of ecosystem changes in 29 of 64 of the world's LME's. A cooperative agreement exists with the University of Rhode Island's Pell Marine Science Library which allows NOAA/NMFS employees access to the Library's collection as well as borrowing privileges which effectively completes the collection.
Library: National Sea Grant Library Address: University of Rhode Island - Bay Campus Ocean Science and Exploration Center 15 Pier Road Narragansett, RI 02882 Telephone: 401-874-6114 Email: nsgl@gso.uri.edu Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., Monday-Friday Personnel: Cynthia Murray, Coordinator; Joyce Winn, Publications Coordinator About the library: The National Sea Grant Library (NSGL) is the digital library and official archive for NOAA Sea Grant documents. It is the only comprehensive collection of Sea Grant–funded documents from over 30 programs and projects across the country. This collection encompasses a wide variety of subjects, including oceanography, marine education, aquaculture, fisheries, aquatic nuisance species, coastal hazards, seafood safety, limnology, coastal zone management, marine recreation, and law. The NSGL provides global access to over 17,000 full-text digital documents through the 47,000–record, searchable publications database. For those documents that aren't available electronically (including videos and DVDs), or for those patrons without high-speed internet access, the NSGL will be happy to provide hardcopy loans (worldwide) to aid scientists, teachers, students, fishermen, and others in their research and studies.
Charleston Library:NOAA/NOS/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR) Mailing Address: c/o Marine Resources Library P.O. Box 12559 Charleston, SC 29422-2559 Street Address: 217 Fort Johnson Road, Building 8 Charleston, SC 29412 Telephone:843-953-9370 (Geoffrey Timms, Librarian) 843-953-9370 (Martha Stackel, Head of Cataloguing) 843-953-9373 (Sarah Houston, Interlibrary Loan Borrowing, Cataloging) 843-953-9372 (Maggie Applegate, Interlibrary Loan Lending, Serials) Fax:843-953-9371 Email:mrlcirc@cofc.edu Hours:8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday-Friday Personnel:Geoffrey Timms, Martha Stackel, Maggie Applegate, Sarah Houston OCLC symbol:OAS Ariel no.:153.9.101.13 (Charleston) Odyssey: 153.9.241.50
About the library: The CCEHBR conducts interdisciplinary research to resolve issues related to coastal ecosystems health and environmental quality, including public health impacts. Some of the high-priority items addressed include harmful algal blooms and their consequences, characterization of marine mammal health, land use impacts on coastal ecology, forensics and genetic applications to support marine wildlife laws, diagnosis and mitigation of fish, oyster, and shrimp diseases. The Marine Resources Library is funded by and supports the College of Charleston, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Marine Resources Division, and the NOAA Charleston CCEHBR Center. The collection emphasizes marine biology, marine ecology, fisheries science, ichthyology, invertebrate zoology, toxicology, marine forensics, biotechnology, ecotoxicology, phycology, and biochemistry.
Oak Ridge Library:Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division Library Address: P.O. Box 2456 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: 865-220-1740 Email:Maggie.Robinson@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Maggie Robinson Division home page: http://www.atdd.noaa.gov
About the library: The library collection includes over 5,000 papers that are out-of-print or rare, journals, and approximately 3,000 books on atmospheric turbulence and atmospheric diffusion. Mathematical modeling, dry and wet deposition, and climate and atmospheric change studies with a strong emphasis on instrumentation are prominently represented in the library. The library also contains all the publications of scientists and staff from the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division since the inception of the division.
Seattle Library:NOAA Seattle Regional Library Address:E/OC43, Building 3 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA 98115 Telephone:206-526-6241 Fax: 206-526-4535 Email:Brian.Voss@noaa.gov Seattle.Library@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Brian Voss OCLC symbol:OAE Lab home page:http://www.wrc.noaa.gov/
About the library: The library supports research in the areas of meteorology, physical and chemical oceanography, geochemistry, atmospheric physics, ocean engineering, mathematics, statistics, and computer science. Special collections in the library include the Rudolph Preisendorfer Memorial Collection, an 800-volume library of classic works in mathematics and statistics; holdings on Puget Sound; a complete collection of monographs from the National Science Foundation Israel Program for Scientific Translations; and nautical, hydrographic, and topographic charts and maps.
Library:National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library Address:NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Building 4 Seattle, WA 98115-6349 Telephone:206-526-4013 Fax: 206-526-6615 Email:Sonja.Kromann@noaa.gov nmml.library@noaa.gov Hours:7:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., Monday-Friday Personnel:Sonja Kromann OCLC symbol:M@M Lab home page:http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/
About the library: The library has a unique collection of marine mammal literature. The collection includes over 15,000 volumes of books, journals, and theses, as well as an extensive reprint file. Subject coverage includes biology, zoology, diseases, conservation, fisheries, ecosystem management, population dynamics, ecological modeling, statistics, whaling, sealing and international and domestic legislation and treaties that impact marine mammals. The NMML Library also contains archives of northern fur seal research, International Whaling Commission documents, and International North Pacific Fisheries Commission documents.
Library:Alaska/Northwest Fisheries Science Center Library Address:2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, WA 98112-2013 Telephone:206-860-3210 Fax:206-860-3442 Email:Clara.Salazar@noaa.gov nwfsc.library@noaa.gov Hours:8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday - Friday Personnel:Clara Salazar OCLC symbol:OAV Lab home page:http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov
About the library: The library supports the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's research programs, as well as the agency's Northwest Regional Office and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center at Sand Point. The library collection spans many scientific fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, oceanography, marine biology, fisheries science, zoology, ecology, conservation, fisheries management, statistics and mathematics, population dynamics, ecological modeling, aquaculture, seafood technology, technology transfer, and Endangered Species Act issues.